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Regional Airline Business Plan

Puddle Jumpers Airlines, Inc.

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Financial Plan


7.0 Financial Plan

Adequate financing is essential for a start-up airline. Our strategy remains a "seed" to "bridge" to "IPO" progression. This has served as a successful model for airline starts in the past. Because of the amount of capital required to start an airline management feels it is restricted to this funding path. Once four to six airplanes are up and flying the company can continue to operate profitably for an indefinite period of time in the event additional capital becomes unavailable on attractive terms.


7.1 Important Assumptions

The financial plan depends on important assumptions, most of which are shown in the following table. They key underlying assumptions are:

  • We assume a slow-growth economy, without major recession.
  • We assume of course that there are no unforeseen changes in technology to make products immediately obsolete.
  • We assume access to equity capital and financing sufficient to maintain our financial plan as shown in the tables.


General Assumptions
General Assumptions
FY 1997FY 1998FY 1999
Plan Month123
Current Interest Rate0.00%0.00%0.00%
Long-term Interest Rate0.00%0.00%0.00%
Tax Rate32.75%33.00%32.75%
Other000

7.2 Key Financial Indicators

In the airline business the most important measurements are cost per Available Seat Mile and the System Utilisation Factor. If seat costs are kept below 7 cents and utilisation is at 50% or better, the airline will operate profitably.


7.3 Break-even Analysis

When we take out all operational costs for flying aircraft and include only fixed overhead and aircraft leases the company can break even on the first six airplanes by maintaining sales just over £2 million per month or approximately £24 million in year one. This is less than 25% of our expected sales forecast but it indicates that the company could survive without adding planes and routes for an indeterminate period with load factors of less than 15%.

NOTE: For display purposes in this sample plan, numerical values in tables and charts are shown in thousands (000's).


Break-even Analysis

Break_even_Analysis

Break-even Analysis
Break-even Analysis:
Monthly Units Break-even2,107
Monthly Revenue Break-even£2,107
Assumptions:
Average Per-Unit Revenue£1.00
Average Per-Unit Variable Cost£0.13
Estimated Monthly Fixed Cost£1,833

7.4 Projected Profit and Loss

Our profits improve from approx. 1% of sales in year one to 10% of sales in year two and are expected to peak at about 16% in year three and thereafter. In gross numbers, we exceed £20 million in profit in the second operational year.

NOTE: For display purposes in this sample plan, numerical values in tables and charts are shown in thousands (000's).


Profit and Loss
Pro Forma Profit and Loss
FY 1997FY 1998FY 1999
Sales£0£110,000£216,925
Direct Cost of Sales£0£0£0
Subtractions£0£14,300£28,200
------------------------------------
Total Cost of Sales£0£14,300£28,200
Gross Margin£0£95,700£188,725
Gross Margin %0.00%87.00%87.00%
Expenses:
Payroll£332£8,511£11,138
Sales and Marketing and Other Expenses£0£82,353£141,659
Depreciation£0£0£0
Leased Equipment£0£0£0
Rent and Utilities£0£701£701
Other£0£0£0
Rent£0£0£0
Payroll Taxes (National Insurance)£83£2,128£2,785
Other£0£0£0
------------------------------------
Total Operating Expenses£415£93,693£156,283
Profit Before Interest and Taxes(£415)£2,007£32,443
Interest Expense£0£0£0
Taxes Incurred£0£662£10,625
Net Profit(£415)£1,345£21,818
Net Profit/Sales0.00%1.22%10.06%

7.5 Projected Cash Flow
This business plan cash flows positively from the initial infusion of approx. £14 million and forward. It will continue to produce cash as long as sales targets are met. Borrowing may only be required if seasonal fluctuations occur or if expansion plans are further accelerated.

The chart below illustrates the accumulation of first year cash during formative stage.

NOTE: For display purposes in this sample plan, numerical values in tables and charts are shown in thousands (000's).


Cash

Cash

Cash Flow
Pro Forma Cash Flow
FY 1997FY 1998FY 1999
Cash Received
Cash from Operations:
Cash Sales£0£110,000£216,925
Cash from Receivables£0£0£0
Subtotal Cash from Operations£0£110,000£216,925
Additional Cash Received
VAT, VAT, HST/GST Received£0£0£0
New Current Borrowing£0£0£0
New Other Liabilities (interest-free)£0£0£0
New Fixed liabilities£0£0£0
Sales of Other Current Assets£0£0£0
Sales of Fixed assets£0£0£0
New Investment Received£13,850£0£0
Subtotal Cash Received£13,850£110,000£216,925
ExpendituresFY 1997FY 1998FY 1999
Expenditures from Operations:
Cash Spending£0£0£0
Payment of Accounts Payable£415£108,655£195,107
Subtotal Spent on Operations£415£108,655£195,107
Additional Cash Spent
VAT, VAT, HST/GST Paid Out£0£0£0
Principal Repayment of Current Borrowing£0£0£0
Other Liabilities Principal Repayment£0£0£0
Fixed liabilities Principal Repayment£0£0£0
Purchase Other Current Assets£0£0£0
Purchase Fixed assets£0£0£0
Dividends£0£0£0
Subtotal Cash Spent£415£108,655£195,107
Net Cash Flow£13,435£1,345£21,818
Cash Balance£13,435£14,780£36,597

7.6 Projected Balance Sheet

The projected balance sheet illustrates the growth of the net worth of the business and may also be utilised to estimate future stock values based upon industry multiples.

NOTE: For display purposes in this sample plan, numerical values in tables and charts are shown in thousands (000's).


Balance Sheet
Pro Forma Balance Sheet
Assets
Current AssetsFY 1997FY 1998FY 1999
Cash£13,435£14,780£36,597
Other Current Assets£0£0£0
Total Current Assets£13,435£14,780£36,597
Fixed assets
Fixed assets£0£0£0
Accumulated Depreciation£0£0£0
Total Fixed assets£0£0£0
Total Assets£13,435£14,780£36,597
Liabilities and Capital
Current LiabilitiesFY 1997FY 1998FY 1999
Accounts Payable£0£0£0
Current Borrowing£0£0£0
Other Current Liabilities£0£0£0
Subtotal Current Liabilities£0£0£0
Fixed liabilities£0£0£0
Total Liabilities£0£0£0
Paid-in Capital£14,200£14,200£14,200
Retained Earnings(£350)(£765)£580
Earnings(£415)£1,345£21,818
Total Capital£13,435£14,780£36,597
Total Liabilities and Capital£13,435£14,780£36,597
Net Worth£13,435£14,780£36,597

7.7 Business Ratios

The important business measurement ratios are presented here based upon projections for Puddle Jumpers. Business ratios for the years of this plan are shown below. Industry profile ratios based on the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) code 4512, Air Transportation, Scheduled, are shown for comparison.


Ratios
Ratio Analysis
FY 1997FY 1998FY 1999Industry Profile
Sales Growth0.00%0.00%97.20%2.60%
Percent of Total Assets
Accounts Receivable0.00%0.00%0.00%17.90%
Stock0.00%0.00%0.00%3.90%
Other Current Assets0.00%0.00%0.00%32.60%
Total Current Assets100.00%100.00%100.00%54.40%
Fixed assets0.00%0.00%0.00%45.60%
Total Assets100.00%100.00%100.00%100.00%
Current Liabilities0.00%0.00%0.00%30.10%
Fixed liabilities0.00%0.00%0.00%16.90%
Total Liabilities0.00%0.00%0.00%47.00%
Net Worth100.00%100.00%100.00%53.00%
Percent of Sales
Sales100.00%100.00%100.00%100.00%
Gross Margin0.00%87.00%87.00%63.80%
Selling, General & Administrative Expenses0.00%85.78%76.98%45.10%
Advertising Expenses0.00%62.07%52.09%0.80%
Profit Before Interest and Taxes0.00%1.82%14.96%1.20%
Main Ratios
Current0.000.000.001.77
Quick0.000.000.001.15
Total Debt to Total Assets0.00%0.00%0.00%47.00%
Pre-tax Return on Net Worth-3.09%13.58%88.65%1.90%
Pre-tax Return on Assets-3.09%13.58%88.65%3.50%
Additional RatiosFY 1997FY 1998FY 1999
Net Profit Margin0.00%1.22%10.06%n.a
Return on Equity-3.09%9.10%59.62%n.a
Activity Ratios
Accounts Receivable Turnover0.000.000.00n.a
Collection Days000n.a
Stock Turnover0.000.000.00n.a
Accounts Payable Turnover0.000.000.00n.a
Payment Days000n.a
Total Asset Turnover0.007.445.93n.a
Debt Ratios
Debt to Net Worth0.000.000.00n.a
Current Liab. to Liab.0.000.000.00n.a
Liquidity Ratios
Net Working Capital£13,435£14,780£36,597n.a
Interest Coverage0.000.000.00n.a
Additional Ratios
Assets to Salesn.a.0.130.17n.a
Current Debt/Total Assets0%0%0%n.a
Acid Test 0.000.000.00n.a
Sales/Net Worth0.007.445.93n.a
Dividend Payout0.000.000.00n.a
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